Certainly, let’s expand the web penetration testing process with more detailed steps and tools for a comprehensive assessment.
1. Reconnaissance and Information Gathering:
a. Subdomain Enumeration with Sublist3r:
sublist3r -d example.com
b. Technology Stack Enumeration with Wappalyzer or BuiltWith:
Leverage browser extensions or online tools to identify the technologies used in the web application.
c. WHOIS Information Gathering with whois:
whois example.com
2. Network Scanning and Enumeration:
a. Network Discovery with nmap:
nmap -p- -sV -A example.com
b. Service Version Detection with BannerGrab:
bannergrab -p 80 example.com
3. Vulnerability Scanning and Assessment:
a. OWASP ZAP Automated Scanning:
Use OWASP ZAP to perform automated scans for common vulnerabilities.
zap.sh -cmd -quickurl http://example.com
b. Manual SSL/TLS Assessment with sslscan:
sslscan example.com
4. Web Application Mapping and Crawling:
a. Site Map Generation with Burp Suite:
Utilize Burp Suite’s site map to thoroughly map the application’s structure.
b. Content Discovery with gobuster:
gobuster dir -u http://example.com -w /path/to/wordlist.txt -x php,html
FUZZ https://github.com/googleprojectzero/domato
5. Authentication and Session Management:
a. Session Token Analysis with Burp Suite:
Analyze how session tokens are generated and managed during authentication.
b. Password Policy Testing with Hydra and Patator:
hydra -l username -P /path/to/passwords.txt http-post-form "http://example.com/login:username=^USER^&password=^PASS^:Invalid credentials"
6. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) and Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) Testing:
a. Advanced XSS Payload Testing with XSStrike:
python xsstrike.py -u http://example.com/page
b. CSRF Token Analysis with Burp Suite:
Inspect how CSRF tokens are generated and validate their effectiveness.
7. File Upload Vulnerability Testing:
a. File Upload Exploitation with Metasploit:
Leverage Metasploit modules to test the security of file upload functionalities.
8. API Security Testing:
a. API Security Assessment with OWASP API Security Project:
Follow OWASP API Security Project guidelines for testing API security.
b. Swagger/OpenAPI Enumeration with swagger-ui or swagger-codegen:
Explore API documentation for potential security issues.
9. Web Server and CMS Specific Tests:
a. CMS Security Scanning with Nikto:
nikto -h http://example.com
b. WebDAV Testing with Davtest:
davtest -url http://example.com/webdav/
10. Business Logic and Workflow Testing:
a. User Role Testing:
Explore different user roles and test the application’s access control mechanisms.
b. Business Logic Vulnerability Testing:
Identify and test for vulnerabilities related to the application’s business logic.
11. Mobile Application Testing:
a. Mobile App Traffic Analysis with mitmproxy:
Analyze mobile app traffic for potential vulnerabilities.
b. Reverse Engineering with apktool and dex2jar:
apktool d app.apk -o output_folder
d2j-dex2jar output_folder/classes.dex
12. Reporting and Documentation:
a. Vulnerability Exploitation Proof-of-Concept (PoC):
Include detailed PoCs for identified vulnerabilities.
b. Risk Assessment and Impact Analysis:
Provide a comprehensive risk assessment and impact analysis for each identified vulnerability.
13. Post-Exploitation Testing (if authorized):
a. Privilege Escalation Attempts:
Test for privilege escalation vulnerabilities, especially if the application involves user roles.
b. Data Exfiltration Attempts:
Simulate data exfiltration attempts to validate data protection mechanisms.
14. Client-Side Security Testing:
a. JavaScript Code Analysis with eslint or jslint:
Analyze client-side JavaScript code for security vulnerabilities.
b. HTML and CSS Analysis:
Inspect the security of HTML and CSS code for potential risks.
15. Web Security Headers Analysis:
a. CSP and HSTS Analysis with securityheaders.io:
Check for the presence and effectiveness of Content Security Policy (CSP) and HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) headers.
https://github.com/juerkkil/securityheaders
b. Header Analysis with Nikto:
nikto -h http://example.com
Conclusion:
Web penetration testing is a dynamic and iterative process. It involves a combination of automated tools, manual testing, and creative thinking to uncover vulnerabilities. Regular updates on security trends, continuous learning, and adherence to ethical hacking practices are vital for a successful web penetration testing career.